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About Dry Eye Disease

Home » About Dry Eye Disease

The Facts About Dry Eye Disease

Causes

Dry Eye is a chronic disease, estimated to affect nearly 22 million Americans. Dry Eye occurs when eyes do not produce the necessary quantity or quality of tears. One of the most critical components to having healthy, comfortable eyes and good vision is the tear film.

The tear film is comprised of three layers that work together to provide lubrication and nutrients to the front surface of the eye as well as protect the eye from infection and environmental irritants:

The Mucous Layer: The innermost layer, which helps to spread the tear evenly over the surface of the eye.
The Aqueous Layer: The middle and largest layer, which contains a dilute salt water solution
The Lipid Layer: The outermost layer, which helps to decrease evaporation of the aqueous layer.

If there is a lack of tear production or a problem with any of these three layers (e.g., a lack of sufficient moisture, tears are not spread evenly, or tears evaporate too quickly), Dry Eye symptoms may occur.

Although anyone can have Dry Eye, it most commonly affects people over the age of 50. It is especially common in postmenopausal women due to hormonal changes that effect tear quality and tear production.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of Dry Eye may include blurring or fluctuation in vision, scratchy or irritated red eyes, and frequent tearing. Other symptoms may include uncomfortable contact lens wear, foreign body sensation, and tired eyes when reading or using the computer. If you have any of these symptoms, discuss them with your doctor to learn about treatment options.

Treatments

There are many therapies available for treating dry eyes. Common therapies include artificial tears, lubricating gels and ointments, or punctal occlusion, which block the drainage of the tears.

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